This tutorial from the manual should be usefuk to you: http://manual.audacityteam.org/help/manual/man/sample_workflow_for_lp_digitization.html
It’s part of this set of tutorials: http://manual.audacityteam.org/help/manual/man/sample_workflow_for_lp_digitization.html
I’m worried that you are planning to plug into a Mic input on the laptop. Mic inputs are designed to take a much lower signal level that the line level you will be feeding from your TT/amp. Some laptops have cunning Mic inputs that can sense the signal level and adjust accordingly and thus act at either mic level or line level - but not all do.
If yours doesn’t you may need to invest in an external soundcard - you would probably benefit from a proper USB souncard anyway as often the inbuilt soundcards in PCs and laptops aren’t really up to scratch. See this sticky thread: https://forum.audacityteam.org/t/sound-card-reviews/8375/1
The Behringer UCA-202 is generally well-regarded by the elves on this forum, it lacks a gain control but you should be able to manage the signal level from your amp.
WC