This set of tutorials willl be a good primer for you: http://manual.audacityteam.org/man/Tutorial_-_Copying_tapes,_LPs_or_minidiscs_to_CD
But the basic answer is yes you can. I use my old turntable with a small phono preamp and my old tape deck both connected to an external USB soundcard to my PC.
As your laptop only has a mic input than you are going to need one of the external USB soundcards - see this sticky thread for ones that we know work well with Audacity: https://forum.audacityteam.org/t/sound-card-reviews/8375/1
WC