Hi,
what kind of microphone and recording equipment can I buy to record very faint wind and ambient noise? I want to run some experiments in areas where the wind (and ambient “nature” noise) is extremely faint to then analyse and see how it changes in time (day/night, temperature etc).
Some practical examples is being in the middle of the desert. Sometimes, depending on the area and the terrain, you can hear a very faint wind that changes very slightly in sound depending on various factors.
From memory you suggesting products is was not permitted in this forum? So if that is still the case, coudl you please at least suggest which types of microphones (especially), and equipment specs I should look for.
Many thanks 
Condenser type microphones are more sensitive than dynamic (moving coil) type.
Quiet sounds are difficult because of electrical noise and other “unwanted” acoustic noise. Noise is pretty-much the last remaining problem with audio and a soundproof studio is the thing that separates a good home studio from a pro studio.
Note that good “pro” (stage & studio) microphones are not compatible with consumer soundcards or the mic input on a laptop. And the preamps built into these are often noisy. You’ll need an audio interface (or USB mixer).
You’ll need a high-gain preamp and a condenser mic (which is typically 20dB more sensitive than a dynamic mic).
Condenser mics have a built-in “head amp” which generates some noise, but usually it’s not as bad as preamp noise and the more-sensitive mic is usually worth it.
Rode microphones are known for low noise, but most “studio condenser” microphones are good.
A small USB mixer MIGHT have more gain than an audio interface. Most audio interfaces are designed for talking/singing directly into a condenser microphone.
People often have difficulty with dynamic mics unless they are recording a drum or guitar amp, or they use something like a Cloudlifter for extra boost. (I don’t know if the Cloudlifter works with condenser mics. I think not, because I think it doesn’t pass-through phantom power.)
Stand alone microphone preamps tend to be more expensive than a complete interface or mixer. (It’s a “specialty item”.)
Noise performance is usually similar with all of these things but USB power is often noisy and sometimes that noise gets into the analog electronics. So your odds are better with a mixer or interface that has its own separate power supply.
Thank you @DVDdoug and @Trebor .
Using the Cloudlifter with a Rode mic, what can I use to record to an iPhone in digital (not through the analog mic line of the iPhone?
If for some reason it is not possible to an iPhone then to an Android phone?
Thank you