I may need to wait for the Starbucks to kick in. Your microphone application combines every odd/magic condition.
An XLR microphone, in general, produces a good quality voice signal and sends it down a cable as two signals plus a shield—usually braided—all underneath a rubber cover.
The shield is connected to pin 1. The voice goes down pin 2 and an upside down copy of the voice goes down pin 3 as a protective signal.
A sound mixer, preamp, recorder, or XLR adapter “knows” about pins 2 and 3. They know that any difference between 2 and 3 is the show and must be protected. Anything that appears the same on 2 and 3 is trash and must be rejected.
Combine all that with a “Dynamic” or moving coil microphone which is almost impossible to overload by yelling and that gives you the rock band performance on the stage 50 feet (15M) away from the sound mixer.
I know that’s a Shure Brothers ad, but it’s really well done.
Scene shifts to your microphone. As near as I can tell, that complicated 3.5mm plug is expecting Left Headphone Sound on tip, Right Headphone Sound on the next ring back, then the Microphone Sound followed by the overall shield.
All these are “right side up.” This is the connection service for a stereo headset with two earphones and a single microphone plugged into your laptop This would be for gaming, Skype, Zoom, or communications. No rock bands, no stage, and no sound mixer.
Getting between those services is the trick.
As DVDDoug above, your current adapter produces a Left and Right show with the two sounds reversed to each other. This gives you the magic of the people listening in stereo (big sound system, headphones) hearing you maybe slightly oddly, but the people listening in mono (phone) hearing nothing. It is guaranteed that your valuable client will be the one with no sound.
Isn’t this fun?
This is close to what I did, but my adapter isn’t made any more and I had (still have) a stand-alone microphone, not a headset connection with everything in one like you have.
I’m not sure I know of a solution for this.
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It does, but not the way you (or most people) want. Audacity will record a single microphone as “Left” in a stereo pair. This is the process with the least damage to the sound. Record in Stereo, convert to Two-Channel Mono and delete the blank track.
Audacity will actually record in mono, but it leaves room for a stereo to mono conversion by dividing the sound by two. You get a single track, but it’s half the volume and twice the noise.
Koz