Your data is numerical text.
Text characters are not the same as pure (data) numerical values. For example, in ASCII encoding, the numerical value of the text character “3” is (decimal) 51 ASCII - Wikipedia
What is required is that your text values are converted into raw numerical data. That is, the text characters “0.123” are converted to a “value” of 0.123
There are several ways that can be done. Normally it would be done through programming. If you have any programming experience (almost any language) it should be fairly straightforward to convert from plain ASCII text to numerical values and output a file containing the raw binary data. That output file could then be imported into Audacity using “Import Raw”.
If you don’t have previous programming experience, then fortunately Audacity includes a relatively simple scripting language called “Nyquist” that allows users to write custom code for use in Audacity. The simplest way to enter Nyquist commands is via the “Nyquist Prompt” Audacity Manual
More complex Nyquist code can be written as “plugins”. For example, the “Sample Data Export” tool (Audacity Manual) is written in Nyquist. If you want to spend some time learning how to do this in Nyquist, then that is something that we can help with (could be very useful for you as a scientist 
) You will find a list of useful reference material for Nyquist in this forum post: Manuals and reference material