XLR mic completely unable to record in mono

Note in your first illustration, the upper and lower waves aren’t the same. They’re up and down mirror image. When you convert to mono, they cancel to a noise track.

Use the drop-down menu on the left > Split Stereo.

Select one of the tracks > Effect > Invert.

Drop down on the top left track > Make stereo track.

Now when you mix to mono, it should succeed. Another way to do this is Split Stereo to Mono and delete one track.

I have a cable that’s 3.5mm (1/8 Inch) Stereo Male on one end, and XLR Female on the other end.

Yes, but what you don’t have is a cable that converts an XLR microphone to soundcard. You have a Devil’s Adapter.

If you continue to want to record this way, this is the proper adapter.

It’s a mono 1/8" with the wire crosses listed in the pix.

The XLR microphone has two outputs. Pin 2 is the “main”, right-side up output and Pin 3 is the upside-down protection signal. If you have an interface or sound mixer that properly uses both, you can have 100 foot (30M) microphone cables with no sound damage.

Koz