The Shure SM58 is a “proper” microphone, commonly used for live (on stage) use. They are not designed for plugging directly into a standard computer sound card. The Shure SM58 is designed to be used with 3 pin XLR connectors, so you should be using either a USB microphone preamp with an XLR mic input, or a mixing desk connected via USB to the computer.
Even with a proper XLR input, you may find the output from the Shure SM58 is a little low. These microphones have excellent power handling, they can handle the loudest yelling without distorting, but they do not give a high output from quiet sounds - that’s why you need a good (low noise, high gain) microphone preamp.