New installation not working

Debian 11 (bullseye)
Linux 5.10.0-11-amd64
Audacity 2.4.2

I’ve installed the current Debian package for Audacity (https://packages.debian.org/bullseye/audacity). My intended use is to record voice audio with a microphone plugged into a front panel audio jack. The application opens with no problem, but doing an initial test recording, using the default settings, produces a negative result. The waveform produced disappears into the baseline (though dragging my thumb across the mic does produce a huge spike, as you would expect) and playback is extremely fast and low in volume. I have fiddled with settings, pored over the manual, and searched the forum to no avail. Why is this thing not working right out of the box?

Addendum: I’m using the onboard audio (ROG SupremeFX audio) for an Asus ROG STRIX Z270-I GAMING motherboard (https://rog.asus.com/ch-en/motherboards/rog-strix/rog-strix-z270-i-gaming-model/).

Addendum: https://i.imgur.com/z2BbfeY.png

What does that mean?