Audacity Forum

That would be an extension of Timed Recording. Timed Recording and Batch Processing (Chaining) are very simple Audacity tools and don't offer vary many fancy options.

It's also pretty dangerous as Audacity is the most unstable during changes of status (Stop > Record, Record > Stop, etc.). That tool, if it existed would involve multiple status changes. Chances of getting a graceful loop without post production is also pretty slim.

I can also see the tool expanding with no effort. "Can you make only the last fifteen seconds loop." Can you make it louder and then loop?" 'Chains' is already an open-ended development chore. Remember, there's no "company" behind this. It's all volunteers, and there are fewer of them than you think.

Koz

The short answer is "no, Audacity can't do that".
If you're after a cheap alternative to a Boss Loop Station, perhaps Superlooper will fit the bill.