No playback device found but they're there.

Debian sid linux shows these devices from aplayer:

aplay  -L
null
    Discard all samples (playback) or generate zero samples (capture)
pulse
    PulseAudio Sound Server
sysdefault:CARD=PCH
    HDA Intel PCH, VT1708S Analog
    Default Audio Device
front:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, VT1708S Analog
    Front speakers
surround40:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, VT1708S Analog
    4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers
surround41:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, VT1708S Analog
    4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers
surround50:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, VT1708S Analog
    5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers
surround51:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, VT1708S Analog
    5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers
surround71:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, VT1708S Analog
    7.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Side, Rear and Woofer speakers

$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: VT1708S Analog [VT1708S Analog]
  Subdevices: 0/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 2: VT1708S Alt Analog [VT1708S Alt Analog]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

However, Audacity 2.0.3 shows this:

==============================
Default capture device number: 2
Default playback device number: -1
==============================
Device ID: 0
Device name: HDA Intel PCH: VT1708S Analog (hw:0,0)
Host name: ALSA
Input channels: 2
Output channels: 0
Low Input Latency: 0.011610
Low Output Latency: -1.000000
High Input Latency: 0.046440
High Output Latency: -1.000000
Supported Rates:
==============================
Device ID: 1
Device name: sysdefault
Host name: ALSA
Input channels: 128
Output channels: 0
Low Input Latency: 0.042653
Low Output Latency: -1.000000
High Input Latency: 0.046440
High Output Latency: -1.000000
Supported Rates:
==============================
Device ID: 2
Device name: default
Host name: ALSA
Input channels: 2
Output channels: 0
Low Input Latency: 0.011610
Low Output Latency: -1.000000
High Input Latency: 0.046440
High Output Latency: -1.000000
Supported Rates:
==============================
Selected capture device: 2 - default
No playback device found.
Cannot check mutual sample rates without both devices.

Topic moved to the Linux board.

Which build of Audacity do you have and how did you install it?

Audacity 2.0.3 installed with apt-get.

Build Information

File Format Support
libmad
(MP3 Importing)
Enabled
libvorbis
(Ogg Vorbis Import and Export)
Enabled
libid3tag
(ID3 tag support)
Enabled
libflac
(FLAC import and export)
Enabled
libtwolame
(MP2 export)
Enabled
QuickTime
(Import via QuickTime)
Disabled
Core Libraries
libresample
(Sample rate conversion)
Disabled
libsamplerate
(Sample rate conversion)
Disabled
libsoxr
(Sample rate conversion)
Enabled
PortAudio
(Audio playback and recording)
v19
wxWidgets 2.8.12
Features
Nyquist
(Plug-in support)
Enabled
LADSPA
(Plug-in support)
Enabled
Vamp
(Plug-in support)
Enabled
Audio Units
(Plug-in support)
Disabled
PortMixer
(Sound card mixer support)
Enabled
SoundTouch
(Pitch and Tempo Change support)
Enabled
Build Information
Program build date:
Apr 6 2013
Build type:
Release build
Installation Prefix:
/usr
Settings folder:
/home/jabowery/.audacity-data

It looks like Audacity is failing to find PulseAudio.

Try the following test:

Ensure that no other audio applications are running, then try starting Audacity from a Terminal window with:

pasuspender audacity

Watch out for your web browser accessing the audio system - if necessary, log out and back in again and retest as above before you open your web browser.

Also, look in “Edit > Preferences > Devices” and see what options are available for recording and playback.