headphones with Mic?
That’s a headset. A matched set of headphones and microphone.
That’s what brought me up short. In a couple of sentences you described about four different microphones, environments and conditions.
The USB or gaming headset is terrific for, well, gaming, Skype and Chat, but they get there by conditioning the voice and nobody who’s ever used one would dream of using it to record an audiobook or voiceover.
You totally can plug a dynamic (moving coil) microphone into a soundcard Mic-In, and it works, too, but the adapter is special purpose and I usually make it.

The adapter cables with two black bands on the 1/8" are much more common, but don’t work in this application. So as a practical matter, you can record your SM58 all day long if you’re good with soldering.
“Studio USB Microphones” such as the Yeti are terrific, but they don’t work for everybody. There is a significant number of users on the forum with “the Yeti Curse,” a high-pitched whine sound that comes from electrical leakages in the USB system. It’s very difficult to make a clean recording once you have the curse, and very difficult to get rid of in post production filters once you do record it. It has a lot of the same sounds as babies screaming on a jet. It will cause the ACX AudioBook testing process to fail.
If you get a Yeti to work, it may still not work. They record low volume by design and it can be rough to record noise-free, good volume voices.
Many of these problems fall away when you get into the grown-up systems. Another poster owns a terrific stand-alone recorder (no computer) and any second now I’m going to find the model number. I think it’s the same one that National Public Radio uses.
The other way is full-on microphone - mixer - digitizer. That’s how I do it.

I also have a Zoom H4 stand-alone recorder, but it’s old and I can do much better now.
Looking for that portable recorder.
Koz