I had a feeling. I didn’t want to use a DAW just because of this one feature but I suppose if I’m gonna get all complicated about it, that’s what they do.
As Jademan says, there are ways to make effects vary over time. For example the “Sliding Stretch” effect can vary over time (https://manual.audacityteam.org/man/sliding_stretch.html), and there’s “duplicate and crossfade” trick that Jademan describes. It really depends on exactly what you want to do.
If you want “controller track automation” (as found in real-time DAW apps), then you need to use a real-time DAW app. If you have one specific task in mind, then there may be ways to accomplish what you want with Audacity.