iluvmyoldmerc wrote:2. I don't have clue how audio works in Ubuntu / Audacity - major problem!
And a problem that is well known to Linux users.
The problem is that sound card manufacturers do not create drivers for Linux, so we have to use generic drivers and a general purpose interface.
The old sound system in Linux was "OSS" (Open Sound System). This is still in use and will support basic functionality for a lot of audio hardware and software, though it is not very efficient. OSS has now been largely superseded by "ALSA" (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) which provides a fast, flexible and powerful sound system with support for a huge range of sound-cards.
There is also "jackd", which is an even more advanced system which provides exceptional flexibility and performance for music application, but unfortunately there are a load of issues that prevent it from working correctly with Audacity, so we will forget about jackd for now.
Audacity will usually run best using ALSA. If you open Audacity then from the "Edit" menu select "Preferences". Look in the "Audio I/O" tab and you will see drop down boxes for selecting the "playback" and "recording" devices. If available you should select "Alsa (default)". If Alsa (default) is not listed, then go to the "Help" menu and select "Audio Device Info" and (copy and paste) let me know what that says.
So, assuming that you have ALSA selected, you now need to open up your computer mixer application. There is probably a loudspeaker icon on one of your desktop panels. If not, then you can open the alsa mixer from a terminal window (try typing "alsamixer -c 0" without quotes into a terminal window).
Finding exactly the right sliders to adjust is a pain - as mentioned before, the ALSA mixer is a general purpose interface, so it will probably take a lot of trial and error to find the correct settings. When you find settings that work - write them down on paper.